Tuesday, April 30, 2013

Mohawk and also Jedward offer offbeat assist for children's proper care

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Posted on: Tuesday, April 30, 2013 04:38
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Mohawk and Jedward provide offbeat help for kids' care

 

Hospital doctors in Ireland have discovered a surefire, low-cost way to distract children admitted for emergency care: inflate a rubber glove, pop out its fingers in a spiky hairdo and draw a smiley face on it.

Writing in Britain's Emergency Medicine Journal, physicians at Dublin's Tallaght Hospital say their puppet trick had proven so popular with young patients that they decided to put it to a scientific test.

One version of the glove was called the "Jedward" after the quiffs of Irish pop duo John and Edward Grimes. It entails five digits that form the hair, and a face drawn on the palm.

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The other was the "Mohawk" in which the four fingers represent the hair, and the thumb the nose. Eyes are drawn either side of the nose, and a mouth beneath it.

Trialled on 149 paediatric patients aged between two and eight, the "Jedward" was picked on 75 occasions and the "Mohawk" 61 times. Only 13 children refused a puppet.

"A standard hospital glove, inflated as a balloon with a face drawn on it, is a useful distraction for children with an acute injury," the doctors say.

"The face should be drawn 'Jedward' style."

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Saturday, April 27, 2013

FW: Some Asian governments tighten airport controls on bird flu fears

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 17:58
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Some Asian governments tighten airport controls on bird flu fears

 

By Sui-Lee Wee

BEIJING (Reuters) - Several governments in Asia have ordered tougher screening of air travellers from China in an effort to contain a possible spread of a new strain of bird flu that has killed 23 people in the mainland and infected one visitor from Taiwan.

The H7N9 virus has infected 109 people in China since it was first detected in March. The Geneva-based World Health Organization said it has no evidence so far of sustained transmission between people but added that this strain was more easily transmitted than an earlier, more deadly H5N1 strain that has killed hundreds around the world since 2003.

Taiwan, which reported the first H7N9 case outside of mainland China on Wednesday, said it would test air travellers for bird flu if they displayed suspicious symptoms. The island's first victim, a 53-year-old man who had returned from a visit to China's eastern city of Suzhou days before, was being treated in hospital. He said he had not had any contact with poultry.

Vietnam began screening temperatures of all visitors at its airports, officials said on Thursday, while Japan said it will allow airports and seaports to make "thermographic inspections" of travellers from China starting in May.

Thai Health Minister Pradit Sintawanarong said the country must step up precautions, adding that the health ministry will soon submit a plan to the prime minister to address the problem.

"From our assessment of the situation, there is a chance that the H7N9 virus may spread to Thailand," Sintawanarong said.

The moves came a day after a WHO expert said the H7N9 strain is "one of the most lethal" of its kind. An international team of scientists led by the WHO and the Chinese government said on Wednesday they were no closer to determining whether the virus might become transmissible between people after a five-day investigation in China.

Singapore's health ministry said its healthcare institutions "remain on heightened alert".

TAIWAN AIRLINES TANK

Shares in Taiwan's airlines fell sharply on Thursday after news of the island's first bird flu victim sparked worries that the outbreak could spread and hurt travel.

China Airlines shares shed 2.2 percent, the stock's worst daily loss since April 8. Eva Airways fell 2.4 percent to close at its lowest in about two weeks. Both underperformed the main TAIEX index, which finished flat on Thursday.

However, most Asian airlines said they had not experienced a noticeable change in bookings to China.

Raj Tanta-Nanta, a vice-president for investor relations at Thai Airways International, said the number of passengers to destinations in China had declined slightly but the national carrier had not cancelled flights to China.

Thai AirAsia also said it is not trimming flights.

"We're not cancelling flights and that may be because we fly to Yunnan, which has not faced bird flu disease," Chief Executive Tassapon Bijleveld told Reuters.

Still, the current spate of cases has sparked reminders of the impact on travel from SARS, or severe acute respiratory syndrome, which killed 774 people, mostly in China and Hong Kong in 2003.

Japan's Sharp Corp. urged its employees to "take extra precaution" when visiting China, telling them on Monday to avoid contact with birds, wash their hands and wear a mask if they develop cold or flu symptoms.

Many companies across Asia that have operations in China, including India's Tech Mahindra Ltd, said they were evaluating the situation but had not yet placed any restrictions on employees there.

POULTRY IMPORTS BANNED

Some countries tightened screening of poultry imports from China, where some bird samples had tested positive for H7N9.

Vietnam banned poultry imports from China in early April, its agriculture ministry said. The Philippines, which has banned poultry imports from China since 2004, is tightening quarantine measures on all poultry products, said Davinio Catbagan, assistant secretary for livestock at the agriculture department.

Manila has also strengthened measures to prevent the entry of smuggled poultry and other poultry products such as pigeons, Peking ducks and chicken, especially those coming from China, Catbagan said.

"The department had been notified that there are businessmen in the Philippines who illegally imports these products, which may have been contaminated by the highly pathogenic H7N9 virus and are now openly served in five-star hotels and well-known Chinese restaurants in the country," Catbagan said.

(Additional reporting by Pairat Temphairojana, Panarat Thepgumpanat and Manunphattr Dhanananphorn in BANGKOK, Kaori Kaneko and Tim Kelly in TOKYO, Clare Jim in TAIPEI, Kevin Lim in SINGAPORE, Sui-Lee Wee in BEIJING, Rosemarie Francisco in MANILA, Prak Chan Thul in PHNOM PENH, Prashant Mehra and Harichandan Arakali in NEW DELHI, Kazunori Takada in SHANGHAI, Hanoi Newsroom in HANOI, Jonathan Thatcher in JAKARTA, Writing by Sui-Lee Wee; Editing by Ken Wills)


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FW: AstraZeneca hit by generic drugs and Crestor shortfall

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 17:12
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: AstraZeneca hit by generic drugs and Crestor shortfall

 

By Ben Hirschler

LONDON (Reuters) - AstraZeneca's sales fell by a bigger-than-expected 13 percent in the first quarter as patent expiries took a heavy toll, underscoring the turnaround challenge facing Britain's second-largest drugmaker.

Much of the damage was caused by loss of exclusivity on antipsychotic medicine Seroquel and heart drug Atacand in many markets.

But the company's top-selling cholesterol fighter Crestor was also hit by generic competition in Canada, pricing pressure in Australia and worse-than-expected sales in the United States.

The poor performance suggests new Chief Executive Pascal Soriot has his work cut out to reverse the fortunes of the struggling drugmaker, despite some tentative signs of improvement in a few growth areas.

Demand for Brilinta - a new heart drug for which AstraZeneca has high hopes - picked up modestly to $51 million (33 million pounds) from $38 million in the last quarter of 2012.

Emerging markets were also a relative bright spot, with sales up 9 percent at constant currencies, largely driven by a 21 percent increase in China. Sales of a number of diabetes products, however, were lower than analysts had hoped.

"While it may be premature to judge the performance of Astra's growth platforms at this early juncture, some investors may be disappointed," said Berenberg analyst Alistair Campbell.

AstraZeneca reiterated its expectation for a mid-to-high single digit percentage fall in revenue this year, with earnings declining significantly more due to increased operating costs.

Sales in the quarter of $6.39 billion generated "core" pre-tax profit, which excludes certain items, down 25 percent at $2.23 billion and earnings down the same amount at $1.41 a share, the company said on Thursday.

Analysts had, on average, forecast sales of $6.51 billion and earnings of $1.31, according to Thomson Reuters I/B/E/S.

The beat on earnings reflected a lower-than-expected tax rate and lighter-than-anticipated expenditure, although with the full-year outlook unchanged this phasing impact is not likely to affect full-year earnings forecasts.

Shares in the group fell 2.6 percent by 0930 GMT.

In addition to the weak sales picture, there was also uncertainty over a new U.S.-led inquiry into manufacturing standards at a site in northern England.

BRILINTA INVESTMENT

Chief Financial Officer Simon Lowth said AstraZeneca's strategy was on track, in terms of investing for future growth, with a lot more effort being put behind the promotion of Brilinta in the U.S. market in particular.

"We expect to see the (Brilinta) trajectory really start to steepen and accelerate on the back of those investments towards the back-end of this year," he told reporters in a conference call.

CEO Soriot, who joined from Roche last October, set out a far-reaching plan last month to return the group to growth by axing one in 10 jobs and reorganising its drug research operations.

His plan promises no quick fixes, although he aims to double the number of drugs in late-stage development by 2016 and he says he will scour the industry for bolt-on acquisitions with which to replenish the company's medicine cabinet.

Soriot has said on several occasions that he would prefer a series of smaller "bolt-on" deals rather than a large, transformational transaction.

Whether Soriot will deliver in the long term remains to be seen - but his arrival at the group has not been cheap, leading to complaints from some shareholders about his pay package.

A group representing local pension funds in Britain is recommending that its members vote against Soriot's pay at the company's annual meeting later on Thursday.

AstraZeneca shares trade at a discount to other large pharma companies, at less than 10 times this year's expected earnings compared with close to 15 for GlaxoSmithKline and Novartis .

That reflects analyst forecasts of sliding sales and profits for several years, with its two top drugs - Nexium for stomach acid and Crestor - facing loss of U.S. patent protection in 2014 and 2016, respectively.

With cash flows set to decline, rating agencies have recently become more gloomy on AstraZeneca, with Moody's this month downgrading its credit rating for the company and Standard & Poor's cutting its outlook to negative.

(Editing by Jane Merriman and Helen Massy-Beresford)


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FW: Japan, Russia to boost business ties, restart territorial talks

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 16:33
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Japan, Russia to boost business ties, restart territorial talks

 

By Antoni Slodkowski

TOKYO (Reuters) - Japan and Russia expect to clinch up to 20 deals, launch an investment fund and reopen talks on a territorial row that has kept them from signing a peace treaty formally ending World War Two when Japan's prime minister goes to Moscow next week.

Japan also expects Russia to present a proposal for Japan's participation in building a pipeline connecting East Siberian gas fields and a planned $38 billion Vladivostok gas hub built by Gazprom, Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary Hiroshige Seko told Reuters on Thursday.

The summit between Shinzo Abe and President Vladimir Putin, the first between leaders of the two countries in a decade, may open the door to progress in the long-stalled territorial talks given converging strategic interests and a Japanese premier who, for the first time in a decade, appears to have the influence and staying power needed to make commitments.

Japan is the largest importer of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in the world and could provide Russia with the money and technology to develop its under-populated east. Japan, for its part, sees Russia as a strategic partner as it looks to diversify and cut the costs of LNG imports, which shot up after a 2011 disaster at its Fukushima nuclear plant.

"With the aim of diversifying energy supplies in mind, we look forward to an offer from the Russian side during this visit," Seko said. He added, however, that a major deal on the project was unlikely during Abe's visit.

Abe's trip follows two months of talks on expanding gas-supply agreements in which Japan has been pressing Gazprom to present a detailed plan of the Vladivostok project that would spell out the potential role of Japanese companies.

Abe will be accompanied by a 120-strong business delegation including 30-40 chief executives of trading houses, banking, healthcare and agriculture companies, Seko said.

"We want to sign up to 20 MOUs (memoranda of understanding) between Japanese and Russian companies and launch an investment platform," he said. Japan Bank for International Cooperation and the Russian Direct Investment Fund are looking to start a fund of up to $1 billion to encourage investment in Russia, sources told Reuters.

PERSONAL TIES

The two countries will hold a business seminar on Tuesday attended by, among others, representatives of Olympus Corp, Sumitomo Heavy Industries and Kawasaki Heavy Industries according to an agenda seen by Reuters.

"With this business mission, we want to convince Russia of the merits of having a good long-term relationship with Japan," Seko said. "Through forming strong personal ties between the leaders, we want to make Russia feel that by quickly solving the Northern Territories issue, Japan can contribute to the development of Russia and Siberia in particular."

A dispute over four sparsely populated islands in the Pacific, known as the Northern Territories in Japan and the Southern Kuriles in Russia, has prevented the countries from signing a peace treaty ending World War Two. The issue has overshadowed relations for more than 60 years.

"Until now, because of the Northern Territories, Japan wasn't able to talk to Russia about matters other than energy. That issue has always been a major bottleneck," Seko said. In February, Abe said he wants to find a "mutually acceptable solution" to the row.

The islands were seized by the Soviet Union after it declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945, just days before Japan surrendered, forcing about 17,000 Japanese to flee. They are near rich fishing grounds and close to oil and gas production regions of Russia.

Abe's visit comes a month after a Moscow trip by Chinese leader Xi Jinping. Deals between the world's biggest energy producer and its biggest customer, China, have been hard to come by. Xi's visit yielded a deal for Russian state giant Rosneft to gradually treble oil supplies to China, but the sides are short of a deal on the supply of pipeline gas to China, thwarted for years by prices.

(Editing by Linda Sieg)


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FW: AstraZeneca gets U.S. subpoena over UK drug factory

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 16:32
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: AstraZeneca gets U.S. subpoena over UK drug factory

 

LONDON (Reuters) - AstraZeneca said on Thursday it had received a subpoena from the U.S. Attorney's Office in Boston, Massachusetts, related to manufacturing standards at its Macclesfield facility in the north of England.

Britain's second biggest drugmaker said the approach was made on March 28 and the company was coordinating its response and intended to cooperate with the inquiry.

Chief Financial Officer Simon Lowth declined to go into further details about the case during a conference call with reporters following first-quarter results.

"It's a very early approach," he said.

The Macclesfield facility is AstraZeneca's second largest manufacturing site and its European centre for packing medicines. More than 800 people work at the site on the manufacturing, packing and distribution of drugs for 130 global markets.

The facility includes a unique production line for making Zoladex, used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers of the prostate and breast, according to AstraZeneca's website.

(Reporting by Ben Hirschler. Editing by Jane Merriman)


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FW: England prepares mass-vaccination as measles cases rise

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 13:13
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: England prepares mass-vaccination as measles cases rise

 


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FW: Algerian president in France for medical tests after minor stroke

 

 

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Posted on: Sunday, April 28, 2013 10:56
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Algerian president in France for medical tests after minor stroke

 

By Lamine Chikhi

ALGIERS (Reuters) - Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika has been transferred to France for further medical tests after suffering a minor stroke on Saturday, Algeria's official news agency said.

The APS agency said late on Saturday that Bouteflika, 76, was in Paris at the recommendation of his doctors.

He was hospitalised after a minor stroke, according to an earlier state press agency report that quoted the prime minister as saying his condition was "not serious."

The health of Bouteflika is a central factor in the stability of the oil-exporting country of 37 million people that is emerging from a long conflict against Islamist insurgents.

APS said Bouteflika had an "ischemic transitory attack," or mini-stroke, at 12:30 p.m. (1130 GMT) on Saturday.

"A few hours ago, the president felt unwell and he has been hospitalised but his condition is not serious at all," Prime Minister Abdelmalek Sellal was quoted as saying.

Elected in 1999, Bouteflika is a member of a generation of leaders who have ruled Algeria since winning independence from France in a 1954-62 war.

They also defeated Islamist insurgents in the 1990s and saw off the challenge of Arab Spring protests two years ago, with Bouteflika's government defusing unrest through pay rises and free loans for young people.

Bouteflika has served three terms as president and is thought unlikely to seek a fourth at an election due in 2014. Leaked U.S. diplomatic cables said in 2011 that Bouteflika had been suffering from cancer, but that it was in remission.

It is unknown who might take over Africa's biggest country by land area, an OPEC oil producer that supplies a fifth of Europe's gas imports and cooperates with the West in combating Islamist militancy.

More than 70 percent of Algerians are under 30. About 21 percent of young people are unemployed, the International Monetary Fund says, and many are impatient with the gerontocracy ruling a country where jobs, wages and housing are urgent concerns.

(Reporting by Lamine Chikhi; Editing by Peter Cooney)


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FW: Gates' foundation to fund $1.8bn to eradicate polio

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 22:38
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Gates' foundation to fund $1.8bn to eradicate polio

 

Bill Gates announced in Abu Dhabi on Thursday his foundation will contribute $1.8 billion to the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, a third of the total funds needed.

"I am pleased to announce for the foundation that we are committed to fund a third of what is needed for this campaign," the Microsoft co-founder told the Global Vaccine Summit in Abu Dhabi. "So for the fully funded campaign, that would be $1.8 billion that we are committed to."

"There has been a total of four billion dollars raised here. That gives us 73 percent of" the $5.5 billion needed, he said.

Other participants at the summit also announced their contributions -- $457 million from Britain, $250 million from Canada, and $240 million from Norway.

Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed al-Nahayan announced he will donate $120 million.

Germany, which had already pledged 100 million euros, announced it will donate a similar amount again. Meanwhile, the Islamic Development Bank offered $227 million.

The number of worldwide polio infections plunged to 223 in 2012, compared to 360,000 in 1988 when the United Nations launched a campaign to eliminate the highly contagious and crippling illness.

Only three countries are still considered polio endemic -- Nigeria, Afghanistan and Pakistan.

Nigeria, where an Islamist insurgency in the country's north has taken a hit on immunisation campaigns and at least 10 people were killed in attacks on two vaccination centres in February, saw most of the cases in 2012.

At least 20 people have been killed in such attacks in Pakistan since December.

Gates, listed by Forbes as the world's second-richest person, had said the global campaign to eliminate polio was currently spending about $900 million a year.

But Medecins Sans Frontiers (MSF) has criticised the high prices of the vaccines.

"High prices for new vaccines could put developing countries in the precarious situation of not being able to afford to fully vaccinate their children in the future," warned the medical charity.

"Urgent action is needed to address the skyrocketing price to vaccinate a child, which has risen by 2,700 percent over the last decade," said Dr Manica Balasegaram, executive director of MSF's Access Campaign.

"The lack of transparency by companies on vaccine manufacturing costs and their focus on profits above ensuring sustainable prices for vaccines for low-income countries are at the root of the problem," she said.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation is a major contributor to the GAVI Alliance, which helps make vaccines available to developing countries.

The two-day Global Vaccine Summit was aimed at highlighting the need for continued support for immunisations, as well as discuss a six-year plan to eliminate polio.


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FW: Scientists confirm new H7N9 bird flu has come from chickens

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 20:48
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Scientists confirm new H7N9 bird flu has come from chickens

 

By Kate Kelland

LONDON (Reuters) - Chinese scientists have confirmed for the first time that a new strain of bird flu that has killed 23 people in China has been transmitted to humans from chickens.

In a study published online in the Lancet medical journal, the scientists echoed previous statements from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese officials that there is as yet no evidence of human-to-human transmission of this virus.

The H7N9 strain has infected 109 people in China since it was first detected in March. The WHO warned on Wednesday that this strain is "one of the most lethal" flu viruses and is transmitted more easily than the H5N1 strain of bird flu, which has killed hundreds around the world since 2003.

Kwok-Yung Yuen of the University of Hong Kong, who led the study, said its findings that chickens in poultry markets were a source of human infections meant that controlling the disease in these places and in these birds should be a priority.

"Aggressive intervention to block further animal-to-person transmission in live poultry markets, as has previously been done in Hong Kong, should be considered," he told the Lancet.

He added that temporary closure of live bird markets and comprehensive programmes of surveillance, culling, biosecurity and segregation of different poultry species may also be needed "to halt evolution of the virus into a pandemic agent".

"The evidence ... suggests it is a pure poultry-to-human transmission and that controlling (infections in people) will therefore depend on controlling the epidemic in poultry," he said.

Yuen's findings do not mean all cases of human H7N9 infection come from chickens, or from poultry, but they do confirm chickens as one source.

The WHO has said 40 percent of people infected with H7N9 appear to have had no contact with poultry.

Other so called "reservoirs" of the flu virus may be circulating in other types of birds or mammals, and investigators in China are working hard to try find out.

CASE STUDIES

Yuen's team conducted detailed cases studies on four H7N9 flu patients from Zhejiang, an eastern coastal province south of the commercial hub Shanghai.

All four patients had been exposed to poultry, either through their work or through visiting poultry markets.

To find out whether there was transmission of the virus from poultry to humans, the researchers took swabs from 20 chickens, four quails, five pigeons and 57 ducks, all from six markets likely to have been visited by the patients.

Two of the five pigeons and four of the 20 chickens tested positive for H7N9, but none of the ducks or quails.

After analysing the genetic makeup of H7N9 virus in a sample isolated from one patient and comparing it to a sample from one of the chickens, the researchers said similarities suggest the virus is being transmitted directly to humans from poultry.

The team also checked more than 300 people who had had close contact with the four patients and found that none showed any symptoms of H7N9 infection within 14 days from the beginning of surveillance. This suggests the virus is not currently able to transmit between people, they said.

But they noted that previous genetic analysis shows H7N9 has already acquired some gene mutations that adapt it specifically to being more able to infect mammals - raising the risk that it could one day cause a human pandemic.

"Further adaptation of the virus could lead to infections with less severe symptoms and more efficient person-to-person transmission," the scientists wrote.

(Editing by Kevin Liffey)


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FW: New $5.5 billion plan aims to rid world of polio by 2018

 

 

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Posted on: Thursday, April 25, 2013 18:49
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: New $5.5 billion plan aims to rid world of polio by 2018

 

By Kate Kelland, Health and Science Correspondent

LONDON (Reuters) - Health groups said on Thursday they could rid the world of polio by 2018 with a $5.5 billion (3.5 billion pounds) vaccination and monitoring plan to stop the disease taking hold once more now there are only a handful of cases worldwide.

Experts say the plan offers the best chance yet to eradicate a disease that until the 1950s crippled many thousands of people every year but has been brought almost to extinction though effective vaccine campaigns.

In 1988, more than 350,000 children were paralysed by polio and the disease was endemic in more than 125 countries. Last year, worldwide polio cases plunged from 650 in 2011 to 223, the largest drop in a decade.

So far in 2013, 19 cases have been reported and polio remains endemic in just three countries - Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria - after India celebrated its second polio-free year.

"Today we have the fewest cases in the fewest places ever, making it critical to use the best opportunity the world has ever had to put an end to this terrible, preventable disease," Anne Schuchat, a global health specialist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), said in a statement.

The virus attacks the nervous system and can cause irreversible paralysis within hours of infection. It often spreads in areas with poor sanitation and children under five are the most vulnerable, but it can be halted, as it was in many developed countries, with comprehensive vaccination programmes.

The polio plan's $5.5 billion budget includes the costs of reaching and vaccinating more than 250 million children multiple times every year, monitoring and surveillance in more than 70 countries, and securing the infrastructure that health campaigners hope will go on to help other health programs.

CASH BACKING

In a statement issued by the World Health Organisation, world leaders and individual philanthropists backed the plan by the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) by pledging almost three-quarters of the funds up front.

"After millennia battling polio, this plan puts us within sight of the endgame," said the WHO's director-general Margaret Chan. "We have new knowledge about the polio viruses, new technologies and new tactics to reach the most vulnerable communities."

The GPEI, launched in 1988, is a grouping of governments, the WHO, Rotary International, the CDC and the United Nations children's fund UNICEF, supported by philanthropic groups such as the Gates Foundation.

Speaking at a summit on vaccines in Abu Dhabi, Bill Gates said his foundation would stump up $1.8 billion - a third of the total cost of the GPEI's six-year budget.

Another $335 million was promised by a seven-strong group of other philanthropists, including the Tahir Foundation, Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Carlos Slim Foundation.

Multiple government donors - among them Britain, Germany, Norway, Pakistan and Nigeria - also made pledges, bringing the total promised so far for the plan to just over $4 billion.

Public health experts say if the polio eradication campaign succeeds, the world would not only declare its second eradicated disease - smallpox was wiped out in 1979 - it would also be billions of dollars richer.

A 2010 analysis found that if polio transmission were to be stopped by 2015 the net benefit from reduced treatment costs and productivity gains would be $40 billion to $50 billion by 2035.

(Editing by Alison Williams)


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Syrian asile rejected medical care because of money crisis -- UNHCR

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Posted on: Friday, April 26, 2013 22:04
Author: Health Yahoo UK
Subject: Syrian refugees denied health care due cash crunch - UNHCR

 

Doctors at Syrian refugee camps in Lebanon and Jordan are having to decide between treating acute cancer patients and helping deliver babies due to severe shortages of cash, the United Nations said on Friday. More than 1.4 million Syrian refugees have now fled their shattered homeland for neighbouring countries whose health care systems are straining to meet the needs of their populations, in some cases suddenly swollen by 20 percent, it said.

But an appeal by U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees for $1 billion through mid-year is only 55 percent covered. This has meant that some of the costly medical care for chronic diseases is being denied, although emergency cases are treated, it said.

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"We will prioritise paying for a woman's delivery instead of paying for treatment of a cancer patient with a poor prognosis. That is bad, but we have to do it. These are hard decisions," Dr. Paul Spiegel, UNHCR's chief medical expert, told Reuters.

Acute respiratory infections and diarrhoea are the most common ailments among Syrian refugees, three-quarters of whom are women and children, the UNHCR said in its first report based on medical consultations in Iraq, Jordan and Lebanon. No data was available from Turkey, it said.

Some refugees require treatment for hepatitis A infections, others for skin lesions due to leishmaniasis, it said.

Both diseases have broken out in Syria, whose health system and drug industry have collapsed due to the conflict between Syrian government forces and rebels, now in its third year.

"NOT THE HEALTHIEST POPULATION"

But many of the refugees are elderly, suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes, lung disease, cancers or cardiovascular disease, who received free treatment under their country's socialised medical system, it said.

Spiegel, referring to treatment for diabetes, told a news briefing: "With renal dialysis you don't pay for a month and then stop, you pay forever.

"And then very hard decisions are made, and many are not funded, and therefore they either have to find other funding and in some cases, yes these patients may die."

Syrians are used to high-quality medical service, more comparable to that in Europe than in Africa, Spiegel said.

"This is not the healthiest population, there is smoking, a fair bit of obesity and not much exercise," he added.

In Iraq and Jordan, refugees have access to free health care at all levels.

But an "elective care committee" meets each month in Jordan to discuss refugee patients whose treatment exceeds a fixed financial ceiling, UNHCR said. In the first three months of the year, 158 Syrians were reviewed, with treatment approved for cardio cases, perinatal cases and acute renal failure, it said.

In Lebanon, which has a largely privatised health care system and cost sharing is the norm, refugees must pay for referrals to experts for specialised care. An elective care committee held its first meeting in late March to review cases.

Iraq is studying whether to set up such reviews, it said.

"People are spending more out of their pocket. Refugees are coming from a system where they are not used to paying. The longer they stay, the less they have," Spiegel said.

Antonio Guterres, U.N. refugee chief, warned in mid-March that the number of refugees outside Syria could triple by the end of the year from 1 million at that time. "The challenges of providing access to affordable and quality health care for Syrian refugees will only increase in the months to come," the UNHCR said in its report on Friday.

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Friday, April 19, 2013

Suicides, killers rise as Greek austerity requires health effect

While Greece's economy required a plunge, killers and disease rates soared, according to a research published Sunday that suggests the effect of the European nation's austerity cuts may possibly worse than anticipated.

 

Suicide and killing rates climbed from 2007 to 2009, particularly among men, and unusual outbreaks of malaria, West Nile virus and HIV took clinicians by surprise, said the findings with the American Journal of Public Health.

 

The actual decline in health arrived as Greece's once robust financial system collapsed into recession following the global economic crisis of 2007, with unemployment rising from 7.2% in 2008 to 22.6% in early on 2012.

Greece took out billions in loans to stave off financial collapse and implemented austerity measures that included a major downsizing of the Ministry of Health, where spending fell nearly 24 percent from 2009 to 2011.

For patients, the cuts meant many services that were once free now cost money out of pocket. There were salary freezes and layoffs in the health sector, and many preventive programs were halted.

With debates raging in political and economic circles over the true costs and merits of austerity, a team of Greek clinicians and US researchers set out to document the effects of the policies on the health of people in Greece.

"We were expecting that these austerity policies would negatively affect health services and health outcomes, but the results were much worse than we imagined," said lead author Elias Kondilis, a researcher at Aristotle University.

Among the general population of some 11 million people, suicide rates rose 16 percent and murders climbed nearly 26 percent from 2007 to 2009, said the findings, which draw on Greek government data.

Meanwhile, deaths from infectious disease increased 13 percent in those two years.

Among men under 65 who were more likely to face the perils of unemployment, the numbers were higher -- a 23 percent higher suicide rate, a 25 percent rise in murder rate and a 27.6 percent rise in deaths from infectious diseases.

Normally, preventive measures in developed nations like Greece are successful at keeping diseases such as malaria and HIV to a relatively low incidence, co-author Howard Waitzkin of the University of New Mexico told AFP.

But when programs like needle-exchanges for drug users and condoms for at-risk groups were slashed, the disease rates ballooned.

Researchers were surprised to see three infectious disease outbreaks in a span of 18 months from July 2010 to December 2011, he said.

They included a spate of West Nile virus that infected 197 and killed 35 people, and an outbreak of malaria in southern Greece.

Also, there was a 57 percent spike in newly diagnosed cases of HIV infection, from 607 new HIV cases in 2010 to 954 in 2011.

"These aren't small percentage changes," said Waitzkin, distinguished professor emeritus of sociology and medicine.

The study said Greece initially attributed the outbreaks to environmental risk factors but the fact that public health measures had to be deployed after the fact implies that "the risks of transmission had not been addressed through prevention."

Waitzkin stated related issues were seen in Argentina a 10 years ago, and the similar problems could loom on the US horizon as the American federal government implements across-the-board wasting cuts known as the sequester.

 

"The concerns are much broader than just Greece and also these kinds of policies in our see are very harmful for public health," he mentioned.

Regarding to Angela Mattie, an expert in healthcare administration at the Quinnipiac University School of Business, great health is usually linked to powerful finances.

"All of us understand in the United States, for example, that work status is tied to insurance coverage, which usually is tied to health care, and early recognition and also treatment of disease," stated Mattie, who was not included in the research.

 

"Individuals in much better income brackets are at an benefit."

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Sunday, April 14, 2013

Indian native woman along with inflamed mind requirements 'miracle': moms and dads

The eager Indian native dad in whose young lad is suffering from an ailment which triggered the girl visit enlarge as much as a massive dimension stated Weekend he could be praying for any "miracle" in order to save the girl living.

Eighteen-month-old Roona Begum was diagnosed with hydrocephalus, in which cerebrospinal fluid builds up in the brain, just weeks after her birth in a government-run hospital in remote Tripura state in northeast India.

The potentially fatal illness has caused Roona's head to swell to a circumference of 91-centimetres (36-inches), putting pressure on her brain.

Her father, Abdul Rahman, 18, who lives in a mud hut with his family in the village of Jirania Khola, told AFP he prays for "a miracle" that will save his only child.

"Day by day, I saw her head growing too big after she was born," said the illiterate labourer who works in a brick-making factory.

Doctors told him to go to a specialist hospital in a big city such as Kolkata in eastern India to get medical help but Rahman, who earns 150 rupees ($2.75) a day working in the brick plant, said he does not have the money to take her.

"It's very difficult to watch her in pain. I pray several times a day for a miracle -- for something to make my child better," he said.

The US government's National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke estimates about one in every 500 children suffers from hydrocephalus.

The most common treatment involves the surgical insertion of a shunt system to drain cerebrospinal fluid away from the brain and towards another part of the body where it can be easily absorbed into the bloodstream.

Cases like Roona's, where the head has doubled in size in a relatively short span of time, are extremely rare, according to leading Indian neurosurgeon Sandeep Vaishya.

"It's difficult to assess the situation without seeing the patient, but a surgery, even at this late stage, would give her brain the best chance it has to grow and develop normally," Vaishya told AFP.

Vaishya, who is the head of neurosurgery at the privately run Fortis flagship hospital in Gurgaon, a satellite city of the national capital Delhi, said that surgeries to treat hydrocephalus cases are "not particularly risky".

Although the cost differs from case to case, he estimated that a complex surgery like this one would cost about 125,000 rupees ($2,300) and require a three-day hospital stay.

Roona now is confined to her bed and unable to move her head but she is a playful child, quick to smile and giggle and is able to move her limbs, according to her father.

She has outlived an initial prognosis by doctors that she would survive only two months.

But her mother, Fatema Khatun, 25, says the little girl's health is getting worse and that she urgently needs help.

"She is deteriorating. She eats less and less, vomits often and I can see that she is getting thinner," Khatun told AFP.

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Friday, April 12, 2013

US public health experts said developing a vaccine for the H7N9 strain of bird flu could take "many months"

Chinese authorities have confirmed 43 human cases of H7N9 avian influenza since announcing nearly two weeks ago that they had found the strain in humans for the first time.

Writing in the New England Journal of Medicine, Timothy Uyeki and Nancy Cox of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said worldwide efforts to develop a vaccine had started, but it would take time.

"Even if new vaccine manufacturing technologies... are utilised, the process from vaccine development to availability will probably take many months," said the article posted on the journal's website on Thursday.

China said this week it expects to have a vaccine ready in seven months.

Chinese health officials say they do not know exactly how the virus is spreading, but it is believed to be crossing to humans from birds.

The journal article said the outbreak was a "seminal event" that raised global concerns and it urged China to enhance surveillance.

"It might herald sporadic human infections from an animal source... or it might signal the start of an influenza pandemic," the article said.

Experts fear the prospect of such viruses mutating into a form easily transmissible between humans, which has the potential to trigger a pandemic.

The World Health Organization (WHO) said on Monday that there was no evidence of human-to-human transmission.

Shanghai, which has 20 confirmed cases, was the first to halt trading in live poultry and cull birds last week, followed by other cities in eastern China -- the site of the outbreak.

In Nanjing, a woman cut an official with a broken bottle as she tried to protect her chickens after the city barred residents from raising poultry at home and ordered them to cull birds, China News Service said Friday.

"I want to get bird flu, so I can infect you," the emotional woman told urban management officials seeking to kill her birds.

The United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FA0) on Thursday expressed worry over the possible spread of H7N9 to China's neighbours through infected poultry.

"There is a possibility that if inadvertently or advertently somebody moves infected poultry across the border from one country to another you can have a spread of the virus," said Subhash Morzaria, Asia regional manager for the FAO's emergency centre for animal diseases.

Japan on Friday gave itself new powers aimed at curbing outbreaks of infectious diseases in people, as it nervously watches the spread of H7N9 bird flu in neighbouring China.

Under a new law, the government can strengthen quarantines at airports, vaccinate doctors and government officials, shut schools and cancel events with large numbers of people.

China has earned international approval for its transparency for H7N9, after being accused of covering up Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003.

"Chinese scientists are to be congratulated for the apparent speed with which the H7N9 virus was identified," said the New England Journal of Medicine article, adding they had quickly made public the genome sequences.

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